Fighting forest fires

（1） How to strengthen safety measures during firefighting

Strengthen firefighting organization. One is to appoint comrades with firefighting experience as frontline commanders. Secondly, temporary firefighting personnel must designate section and team leaders. The third is to clarify firefighting discipline and safety measures. The fourth is to check whether the firefighting equipment meets the requirements, and whether the firefighting clothing is loose and flame-retardant. The fifth is to strengthen fire reconnaissance, organize fire communication, rescue, and logistical support. Six is to enter and extinguish the fire from the tail of the fire, fighting along the two wings of the fire. Seventh, do not directly start a fire in the wind, do not start a fire on the mountain, do not start a fire on cliffs, steep slopes, and broken terrain, do not extinguish a fire directly in windy weather or hot conditions, and do not extinguish a fire in areas with dense combustibles. Eight is to use firefighting equipment correctly.

 

（2） Escape and self rescue methods

Step back into the safe zone. When extinguishing a fire, the firefighting team (group) should observe changes in the fire scene. In case of flying fires or cyclones, organize firefighting personnel to enter areas with burnt areas, low vegetation, and low flames. The second is to ignite and self rescue according to regulations. To unify command, choose a relatively flat place and lie down to avoid danger according to regulations. When in danger, choose a place with less vegetation nearby and lie down with your feet facing the direction of the fire. Peel open the floating soil until you see wet soil, put your face into a small pit, wrap your head in clothes, and place your hands in front of your body. The fourth is to break through the wind according to regulations. When the wind direction suddenly changes and the fire turns around, the commander must decisively issue the order to break through. The team members themselves must make a quick decision, choose a place with less grass, wrap their heads in clothes, hold their breath, and charge forward in the wind to break through. People should be able to break through within 7.5 seconds. Never race against fire, only charge towards it.

 

Fire hazard weather

In the presence of forest combustibles and fire sources, the occurrence of forest fires mainly depends on the weather conditions that are favorable for forest fires, such as high temperatures, low precipitation, low relative humidity, strong winds, and long-term drought.

 

source of a fire

Fire sources include both man-made and natural fires.

What are the basic principles and methods for extinguishing forest fires

When extinguishing forest fires, as long as any factor that causes the fire is controlled, the fire can be extinguished.

 

Principle:

1. The temperature of low combustible materials is below the ignition point. 2. Block combustibles and disrupt the conditions for continuous combustion. 3. Isolate combustibles from air (oxygen) gas.

Basic method:

1. Cooling method

Sprinkle water, chemical agents, or wet soil on burning combustibles to reduce heat, lower the temperature of the combustibles below the ignition point, and extinguish the fire.

2. Isolation method

Adopt barrier measures to separate fire from combustibles and to separate burned substances from unburned substances. Generally, chemical agents are sprayed on combustible materials, or fire prevention lines (belts) are set up by manual beating, machine turning of soil belts, high-speed wind, early burning, moderate blasting and other methods to separate fire from combustible materials, and burned combustible materials from unburned combustible materials. At the same time, by sprinkling water or chemicals on already burned combustibles, the fire resistance and flame retardancy of combustibles can also be increased.

3. Suffocation method

By isolating the air, the oxygen content in the air is reduced to below 14-18%, which suffocates the fire. Generally, equipment is used to strike, soil is used to cover, chemical agents are sprayed, and blasting and other methods are used to suffocate the fire.

What safety precautions should be taken when extinguishing a fire:

Fighting forest fires shall be organized and commanded by the local government or forest fire prevention command center. Units and individuals who receive firefighting orders must quickly rush to the designated location and engage in firefighting work.